The Stylistic Analysis of Public Speech

The Stylistic Analysis of Public Speech口李龍武漢語(yǔ)言文化職業(yè)學(xué)院[捕粵](méi) Public spech is a very imporant part in owr daily life. The ablity to deliver a good publicspech is something we need to lean and to have, sesialy, in the serice sector. This paper ateptspto analyze the style of pbbie spech, in tbe bope of providing inpintion to u whenever dlvringsuch a speech.中圈分類(lèi)號]H0-0文獻標識碼]A [文章編號] 1006167120700790211 The Features of Public Speechestimes in order to show his confdence o the younger goerntion.e.g. 1: Your generation will enjoyUNIMAGINEDLanguage is the most important means of communication.OPPORTUNITIES because of education.People can cbange tbe way they speak or write according toeg 2: These advnces in technology WLL TANSFORMdifferent situations.LIVES- AND THEY WILL preset you with profund dilemmas.Public speeches sbare similarities with both writtenlanguage and spoken languagc. On most ocasioas, they are2.2 Lexical Featureswitten in advance and delivered in spoken form, so in manyAs a kiod of formal activity, public spech placcs greatways, they are more formal than daily conversation. For example,emphasis on diction. According to the American expert 0ntbe sentences are more complicated and the content is more logic.public speech, Stepben E. Lucas proposes that wben choosingCompared with written language, public speches have to adaptvoeabulary in publie spech, we should take the fllowingto the audience' s feedback and rely on siful oral delivry.elemeats into sccount: (3) cboose recogmizable words; 0) chooseconcrte words; (c)eliminate clutter and (d) ensure politial692 Stylistic Analysiscorrectness.The linguistic decription of any chosen speecbes wil becried out in terms of phonological features, lexical features andMore recognizable words are to be shown in a spech,rbetoric devices.this way, it is easier to be understood by audience; using moreThe speech of George w. Bush畔thedifcult lexis will make the spcch less callengng to understand.Ceremoay in Oklaboma University will be chbosen 8如cxampleHowever, the diction is greatly influenced by the educatioalto show the sylistic features of public speech.background of the audience. Faced with the universityundergraduates, words in Bush's spech such 8 uprogressive,2.1 Phonological Featurescruet, infuence can be casfid as familiar words.During a speech, the speaker communicates to the audience2.2.2 Politial Correctnesswith oral inoation epessions and the reeivig, as well as tbePolitical correctness is essential wben delivering 8 spechunderstanding of the speech should be caried out simultancously.Speakers should be careful when delivering their choice of theAccording to Nida's communication data theory, the increasewords, especially conceming religion, sex, culure and so on. hnof comunication das will result in the endience's dificlt inthis speech, Bush uses Afrcan Americans (darxk skinned) insteadunderstanding. Therefor, the speakers should pay much atentionof Black people and Negro(term for African descendents whoto their pounciation and intonation in order to corvey all thenow live in America) to avoid the insut on the minority groups.ideas to the audience scssall.Except for these point, Busb' s spech is full of concrete words,In this speech, Bush's pronunciation is very clear withand cutters or dificult phrases cannot be found.few swallowing sounds. In the first four paragraphs, his spechis delivered at mn average speed. And there re frequeat pauses3 Rhetoric Devicesafter ceach sentence. Anotber prominent feature is the rare casesRhetspecbes in orderof contractions used to try to achieve some kind of formalityto atract中國煤化otabaeand solennity, Bush also alered his emphasis on sylables quiteTYHCNMHGT赫第72頁(yè))ofen. In this seech, Bush emphasizes his stress levels several作者簡(jiǎn)介:拳龍,武漢語(yǔ)言文化職業(yè)學(xué)院。紹面子挽救理論時(shí)提出威脅力為三個(gè)參數之和:雙方的社會(huì )容，解讀消息報道之后的真實(shí)意義，也給新聞標題的編寫(xiě)、距離、雙方的相對權勢、要求的強加級別。新聞標題的語(yǔ)言話(huà)語(yǔ)的表達提供了理論依據。標題形式與意義之間存在一定總是具有正式性、準確性、適度性、藝術(shù)化與陌生化，這象聯(lián)系，有著(zhù)象似性理?yè)?。似?zhù)禮貌的程度和客觀(guān)的距離。例如:(8) President Hu Vsits Low. income Family (Chin Daily,文獻.Dec.30, 2010)1] Haiman, J. Natwral Symtcx [M] Cambridgc: CUP, 1985.新聞標題中報道國家大事提到社會(huì )地位較高人物名稱(chēng)] Looch,G. Principles of Pragmatics [M] London: Loogman, 1983.時(shí)，總是在人名前加上頭銜，從而增加了句子長(cháng)度，以表現3] 何兆旅新編語(yǔ)用學(xué)概要[M..上海:上梅外國語(yǔ)出版社，2000禮貌程度，且運用“l(fā)ow inocome"而非"overty"這樣的委婉4] 侯國金.語(yǔ)用象似論p.語(yǔ)言教學(xué)與研究, 2072.詞體現禮貌與尊重，從而象似社會(huì )距離和心理距高的加大。[5] 潘宗成新聞標題與常用修辭格U1-鄭州大學(xué)學(xué)報，19863).6] 錢(qián)世寬新嗍標題的修辭藝術(shù)0D]修辭學(xué)習，1997(6.(9) Black People Require Equal Rights (The Wshington7] 沈家煊.句法的象似性問(wèn)題01.外研教學(xué)與研究，193(1).Post, Nov3, 2004)8] 楊曉紅.新聞標題的語(yǔ)法結構和語(yǔ)用價(jià)值[I.新聞與寫(xiě)作，在這個(gè)例子中,“black peoplc"和“negro"所指是- -樣的，1997(2).但前者與后者相比是個(gè)委婉禮貌的詞匯.“black pople”發(fā)音[9] 尹世超標題語(yǔ)法[M]北京:商務(wù)印書(shū)館，2001.稍長(cháng),顯得更禮貌,表現說(shuō)話(huà)人發(fā)表言論的正式程度“acgro"是一個(gè)帶有政治立場(chǎng)的的詞，用在新聞標題中則有悖得體，Analysis of English News Headlines fromPragmatic lconicity可能引起誤會(huì )或歧視，使表達具有政治企圖的攻擊性。字符長(cháng)度對應于認知距離，使用較長(cháng)較正式的委婉語(yǔ)，讀者需要Abstract: Iconicity refers to the natural relationship between the較復雜的認識過(guò)程才能吸收其蘊涵信息，但這使話(huà)語(yǔ)顯得更language structure and human's experience or cCoDcept structure.禮貌、得體。News is the representative utterance of a country or society. Fouriconicity pragmatic principles are applied here to the analysis4結論the English news headlines and reasons are given why newshave some particular features so to help readers grasp exact本文通過(guò)分析象似理論運用于實(shí)際問(wèn)題的話(huà)語(yǔ)研究,information and the underlying meaning of news.不僅讓我們更客觀(guān)地認識新聞標題的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn),挖掘報道內Key words: news beadline; principles of pragmatic iconicity72(上樓第69頁(yè))specech, a number of rhetoric terms are used, such as parallelism,Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing isrepletion, metapbor, simile, etc. They will be clearly elaborateddescribed in terms of another. The comparison in metaphorone by one.is usually implicit, while in simile it is explicit. There are nofunction words suchas "Iike" and “as" .3.1 PrallelismIn this speech Bush compares the new times to ncwIt is a figure of speech of retition for syntactically similarchapters, and the traditional virtues to the light bouse,construction of coordinated sentences or phrases. Prllelim is4 Concluslonone of the most commonly used figures of sech, which makesthe language more concise, the structure more balanced, the senseAn eloquent orator is someone everybody desires to be.more prominent and the tone more compelling, Therefore, it isIf we want to make a good speech, we should know the sylisticwidely used in public speech. An example is as fllws:features of public specech. Through brief analyis, we have foundI' m confdent that you will fight for your country wbenthat the language of public speech is more formal than dailyneeded.. I' m confident that your lives will be more rewarding,conversation and also, not as formal as written works.8|and your country more bhopeful. And I' m confdent that you' II .look back and say,1 have served my country wel..銬文獻Bush used the term:“I' m confident" (1' m positive) thrce1] Lucas, Stepben E The A of Public Speaking [M]. Bejing: Foreientimes to introduce the clauses, thus, making the structure far moreLangunge Teaching and Research Pes 200.balanced and powerful.2 Nida, Eugene A. Toward a Science of Transating [M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreig Language Educs tion Preas, 1994.3.2 Simile and Metapbor[3] Oin Xiubai. Esentials of Englsh Solistics M]. Shanghai: ShanghaiSimile is an expression in which something is compared t切中國煤化工something clse by the use of a functional word such as“Iike"sh Slistices [M]. Bejing;or“as".FHCNMHCra1997