世界市場(chǎng)所有數據都是初步的。然而，所描述的一般趨勢是正確的。 國際市場(chǎng)煤炭2007年，全球硬煤產(chǎn)量再次增長(cháng)約250億噸，從53億噸增至56億噸。全球海運煤炭市場(chǎng)再次擴大43百萬(wàn)噸(+ 5,5%)，達到820百萬(wàn)噸。動(dòng)力煤(見(jiàn)表2))太平洋市場(chǎng)供應太平洋市場(chǎng)由中國主導,出口減少了8緒t 51緒t但同時(shí)進(jìn)口增加了11緒t 44緒。額外的環(huán)太平洋地區的需求是由印度尼西亞(+ 18緒t)和越南(+ 4緒t)南非增加了供應進(jìn)入亞洲市場(chǎng),也就是印度。b)大西洋市場(chǎng)2007年大西洋地區的供給需求較低。印度尼西亞和南非減少了對歐洲的出口。進(jìn)口蒸汽煤的損失部分被進(jìn)口焦煤所取代。在供應方面，哥倫比亞、俄羅斯和美國增加了出口，波蘭和南非出口減少。印尼向大西洋市場(chǎng)的煤炭出口量有所下降。2. 焦煤供應(見(jiàn)表3)根據國際鋼鐵協(xié)會(huì )(IISI)的數據，粗鋼產(chǎn)量在2007年達到1343.5萬(wàn)噸。中國再次成為焦煤生產(chǎn)的主要驅動(dòng)力，但許多其他國家也對增長(cháng)做出了貢獻。3.價(jià)格演變(見(jiàn)表1)a)動(dòng)力煤價(jià)格南非動(dòng)力煤(6000 kcal/kg NAR)到岸價(jià)ARA現貨價(jià)格在上半年保持穩定。從2007年8月開(kāi)始，出現了急劇增長(cháng)。蒸汽煤行業(yè)和出口基礎設施的低投資活動(dòng)，已導致煤炭供應鏈許多環(huán)節出現瓶頸，這種情況將在2008/2009年持續下去。b)焦煤和焦炭的價(jià)格半軟焦煤和PCI-coal的價(jià)格將以同樣的速度上漲，當然會(huì )比動(dòng)力煤的價(jià)格要高。焦炭?jì)r(jià)格接近新的紀錄水平，超過(guò)400美元/噸離岸價(jià)中國。3所示。運價(jià)運價(jià)仍處于極高水平。盡管散貨船數量大幅增加，而且幾乎沒(méi)有報廢，但貨運價(jià)格仍然居高不下。Longer 距離 每 ton, 滯期費情形 和 更高 的 燃油 價(jià)格 將 運費 加 起來(lái)

WORLD MARKET

All figures are preliminary. Nevertheless, the general tendencies described are correct.

 World Market Coal

In 2007, world hard coal production went up again by approximately 250 Mio t from 5.3 bn t to 5.6 bn t.

 The world seaborne coal market expanded again by 43 Mio t (+ 5,5 %), reaching 820 Mio t. The  amount of green border trade was stable, at around 80 Mio t.  1. Steam Coal (see table 2)  a) Pacific Market supply The Pacific market was dominated by China, which reduced its exports by 8 Mio t to 51 Mio t but at  the same time increased its imports by 11 Mio t to 44 Mio t. Additional demand in the Pacific rim was  covered by Indonesia (+ 18 Mio t) and Vietnam (+ 4 Mio t). South Africa increased its supply into the  Asian market, namely India.

b) Atlantic Market supply Demand in the Atlantic area was lower in 2007. Indonesia and South Africa reduced their exports to  Europe. Losses in steam coal imports were partly replaced by coking coal imports.  On the supply, side Columbia, Russia and the USA increased their exports, Poland and South Africa  exported less. Indonesian coal exports into the Atlantic market were lower.

2. Coking coal supply (see Table 3)  According to the International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI), crude steel production reached 1,343.5  mmt in 2007. China was again the main driver in coking coal production, but many other countries  contributed to the growth. 3. Price evolution (see Table 1)  a) Steam Coal Prices The cif ARA spot price for South African steam coal (6000 kcal/kg NAR) remained stable in the first  half of the year. From August 2007 onwards, a steep increase occurred. The low investment activities in the steam coal sector as well as in exports infrastructure has led to  bottlenecks in many parts of the coal supply chain, which will last on in 2008/2009. We had to expect  a very volatile market in these years.b) Coking Coal and Coke Prices Semi-soft coking coal and PCI-coal prices will rise at the same rate and will of course be higher-priced  than steam coal.  Coke prices are close to new record levels, over 400 US$/t fob China.  3. Freight rates The freight rates are still at extremely high levels. Despite big increases in the bulk-carrier fleet and  nearly no scrapping, the prices for freight remained high. Longer distances per ton, demurrage situations and higher fuel-prices pushed the freight rates up.